My negotiating skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My negotiating skills - Essay Example The first scenario involved employee recruitment in which the employee offered a 20000-pound remuneration rate while the employee wanted a 25000-pound rate. The second scenario involved an employee seeking a pay rise against the employer’s will. I assumed both employer and employee situation in both cases in alternation. Each of the scenarios in the negotiation exercise involved persuasive discussions for each party. I used several negotiations skills such as asking questions, good listening ability, focusing on my relevant values to the topic of discussion, and being flexible. These skills were successful, as I won in all roles that I played. As a recruit and an employee seeking pay rise, I managed to convince the employer who agreed to my request. As an employer however, I only managed to reduce the amount that employee wanted by significant percentages, more that 75 % in each case (Pannett, et al. 2013, p. 168). I have learnt, from the simulation, that am good in negotiation and that I can incorporate different negotiation skills to win in negotiations. Negotiating for better offers as an employee was the easier aspect of the simulation because of available proofs for the desired position. Negotiating against realistic facts such as disputing an employee’s potentials and experience towards desired remuneration amount was however difficult. Ability to verify offered information is the negotiation skill that I need to develop in order to become a better negotiator. My goal for developing the skill is to be able to verify validity of offered information in a negotiation. I will measure progress by simulating negotiation scenarios, validating offered information in the scenarios, and then comparing my validation results with reality. Achieving the goal will require published resources on psychological intelligence and sensitivity, together with time and a tutor on human psychology. Being able to

My understanding of fine art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My understanding of fine art - Essay Example Various implications can be discerned from this definition including, the fact that inherent creativity of the artist and their technical expertise is instrumental in creating visual art. The second key aspect that can be derived from this definition is that, the resultant artistic work is visually appealing to viewers and further stirs up their imagination, as they attempt to view the art form from the creator’s perspective or place themselves in the portrayed environment. It is also apparent from the definition that, visual art invokes the target audience’s cognitive thought, as people attempt to logically interpret it. Most importantly, as suggested in the definition, visual art conjures deeper spiritual meaning that is often unique to every observer. Every time we look at a photograph, we employ a wide array of intricate readings, ranging from visual and imaginative observations to intellectual views. These elements, coupled with the acknowledged creativity and technical proficiency of the photographer, irrefutably qualify a photograph as a visual art form. It is also imperative to take note of the fact that, the complexity of photograph reading is accentuated by the fact that observers bear varying assumptions and expectations of both the image and the subject of photograph. These distinctive aspects of photographs clearly support Clarke’s (181) assertion that, a photographer wields the ability to convey a more intense yet intangible message through an image, than the actual photographed subject. The author also emphasizes that such intricacy of photographs, as visual art forms, is made possible by a meld of the photographer’s technical expertise, light sensitivity, and a unique creative spirit. It is apparent that a photographic image, as a fine art form, is not only complex, but also fascinating and vast, with a broad range of unique attributes. Key among these features is the beauty or visual appeal of the photograph (Cotton 49). Even

Data Backup and Life Cycle Restore in the Enterprises and Companies Research Proposal

Data Backup and Life Cycle Restore in the Enterprises and Companies - Research Proposal Example w data base management systems (DBMS) perform the backup/restore operations, How about the automatic and manual backup, what's the data will been restored regarding the network limitation of bandwidth and work time and How we can construct a strong Disaster recovery plan. All these point will be discussed and covered in my research. This dissertation has not made possible without the help of some key persons who in one way or the other help succeed in the completion of this paper. To Mr./Ms. (insert name of adviser or instructor), who served as my adviser and instructor with this paper. He had not just thought me to do the technical part but also encouraged and gave me challenge in the field of study I practised. Thank you for being a mentor all the way. With this, I would like to take the opportunity to thank as well to my parents and friends who are always there to lend a helping hand. And, to my classmates who shared time and experiences along the duration of school years, thank you all. March 4, 2007 Table of Contents Data Backup System Over Networks 1 Sam 1 Abstract 1 Abstract 1 Acknowledgements 2 Acknowledgements 2 Table of Contents 3 Table of Contents 3 List of Figures 4 List of Figures 4 1 Introduction 5 2 Backup and Recovery 8 3 Backups and Tape Storage 14 4 Network Disaster Recovery 20 5 Conclusion 21 References 23 References 23 Appendix 1: Dissertation Proposal 25 Appendix 1: Dissertation Proposal 25 List of Figures Figure 1. Information Security Policy and Procedure Hierarchy 13 Figure 2.Prototype Set-up of Data Backup Over Network 17 1 Introduction In this e-centric day and age of organisations have come to rely on IT infrastructures not just and aid to business, but for some, as the core of their business. Safe, secure, and reliable computing and telecommunications are essential to these organisations. As these organisations begin to understand the importance of information security and data backup, they are developing security programs that are often under the direction of the CIO. This program includes more than just people and technology 1.1 Background and Context In the field of information technology, backup refers to the replication of data so that these supplementary copies may be restored after a data loss event. Backups are useful above all for two purposes: to restore a computer to an operational state subsequent a catastrophe (called disaster recovery) and to restore small numbers of files after they have been accidentally deleted or corrupted. Backups are at variance from archives in the sense that archives are the primary copy of data and backups are a secondary copy of data. Backup systems differ from fault-tolerant systems in the sense that

Final letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final letter - Essay Example Apart from this , I am more alert when you ae explaining complex terms regarding the particular subject. When I look at the quality of the lecture, it can be said that it is average as the instructor is not well versed with teaching skills.. The instructor lacks the quality of empathy, where in they bond with the students and understand their strength and weaknesses. My instructor is not able to communicate from the stand point of my level. However , the quality of compassion to students is visible in the instructor. Also the instructor is intelligent and explains subject deeply and vividly for us to understand. The instructor is also having a positive mental attitude which is very important for an instructor. The instructor is always keeping a smile on the face which is really appreciative and approachable. Regarding the quality of lecture notes, it could be said that it is perfectly alright As lecture notes are supplementary working guide, they showcases order and perfection in language and subject importance . It is always noticed by me that , the lecture notes are arranged in a clean way and the print is bright enough for students to comprehend easily. The lecture note provided by the instructor is a new dimension of looking at the subject and helps me in understanding certain concepts more deeply. The lecture notes are consistently provided by the teacher which enables me to update my information on a flawless manner. The notes always have information which is exactly needed. However at times, I find that the information provided is too much for a student to contemplate. The teaching quality of the instructor and lecture notes are the main issue in teaching but apart from this, the feedback also plays an important role in class. It is mandatory for all the instructors to analyze and assess the education quality offered by them to the students. A feedback is taken by my instructor once in a month and

Discussion Forum #2 - Do Human Races Exist Assignment

Discussion Forum #2 - Do Human Races Exist - Assignment Example ans that the races can be viewed both as a biological construct that focuses on low levels of genetic diversity of humans, the clinical distribution of human characteristics, the non-concordance of human traits as well as the greater polymorphic as opposed to polytypic variants. In the case of cultural construct, it is arguable that the concept of race simply exists in the minds of different people. The anthropologists, therefore, believe that race cannot be solely explained through biology but by the understanding of the how individuals use the external attributes of humans to link them to different genetic traits that classify humans. This explains that it is extremely practical to understand the concept of race by assessing how humans create different groups in the society and how they strive to identify with these groups. Racial identification is evident in the different group interactions (Audio lecture 2015). It is, therefore, worth to conclude that an understanding of relations of different people in relation to culture as well as understanding of their physical characteristics is extremely vital and useful in the study pf races as compared to applying biological concepts. For instance, race is non-concordant since it is not correlated to bodily attributes such as skin color, weight or height. Race is also clinally invariant since we cannot trace its onset or its

Enron Accounting Fault Essay Example for Free

Enron Accounting Fault Essay Enron is frequently given as an example of creative accounting. It is also given as a good example of accounting fraud and insider trading. This is a good example of creative accounting taken too far not many would disagree that it was accounting fraud, although some would say they were just unlucky to get caught. after all, the auditors were Arthur Anderson, at the time one of the most respected auditing firms. Creative Accounting – Example 1 – Creating multiple trading entities The creative accounting involved setting up other entities and then trading with these entities. This is a common practice; many businesses divide their operations into sectors that perform specialist functions and then trade is carried out between these various entities. However, normal applicable accounting standards (GAAP), would require that some sort of financial consolidation is performed and the full picture reported. However, there was a bias to record income, revenue, and profits from transactions with these entities; rather than costs, expenses, and losses. Creative Accounting – Example 2 – Moving business segments offshore Enron created these entities offshore. This is also a common practice in accounting and tax planning. Many businesses do this to reduce the amount of taxes they pay, this can be done legally (tax avoidance) and it can take illegal forms (tax evasion). Offshore entities usually enjoy an enhanced level of privacy, this can make it difficult for local governments and auditors to gain insights into what is going on. Enron appears to have manged to succeed for a long time in hiding what was going on from both auditors, investors, and potential whistle-blowers. If Enron was recording profits, and assuming not much else was happening in these other entities, then these offshore entities would be recording losses. These losses were conveniently recorded away from the financial statements and therefore investors and many staff never new about them. Creative Accounting and Insider Trading The executives didn’t stop here. By using creative accounting and fraud to manipulate profits, they were able to affect the stock price, the next logical and illegal step was to start to trade the stock to benefit from the inside knowledge they had. This is know as insider trading and is illegal in most countries.

Liquefied Natural Gas Lng Economics Essay

Liquefied Natural Gas Lng Economics Essay Liquefied Natural Gas forecasts are highly-structured and capital intensive in order to protect the investment return that projects developers conventionally covered all their future LNG. The past years have witnessed a dramatic development in LNG industry which is under metaphases from an infant towards a maturing industry with the ongoing process of slackening in the world market, LNG plays an increasingly important role in meeting the rapid gas demand worldwide by offering its merits of diversification and flexibility for securing gas supply of price signals cross isolated regions. According to BP 2010 So far, LNG accounts for 30.5% of world trade volume and the figure is expected to be growing. Over the past five years it has became acceptable industry practice for even contractually committed LNG with a specified destination to be diverted to another market with mutual agreement of both the seller and the buyer. The financial incentives to benefit from market in efficiency and regional supply-demand motivated market players to allow ad-hoc cargo diversions, sharing the profit resulting from the arbitraging between the respective parties. With a careful study of the process of arbitrage from school of thought: Prof. Dr. Hasret B. and others; I have been privileged to understand the nature of LNG and why is not neglected. This same study put up a questions: who are the arbitrageurs, what are the constraints and limitations they fall, and why arbitrage can fail to bring prices close to the fundamental value which implied by standard models. However, the focus of this article on the nature of LNG arbitrage and its theoretical growth in global markets reveals theoretical development within a simple model and also suggest directions for future research. According to Zhurravleva (2009), he pointed out why the LNG project is still in existence In 2007, the Equatorial Guinea LNG project sold its entire LNG output on a FOB (Freight On Board) basis to BG for 15 years, without incorporating a destination clause in the contract. Now what she actually meant here is that the business has enabled the buyer (BG) to divert the cargoes and act as aggregators (arbitrageur), effective and monetizing their delivery. Other significant sources of flexible cargoes are Qatar, Trinidad and Tobago, Algeria and Egypt. The classic destination and the availability of non-committed shipping capacity are not the only barrier towards the LNG arbitrage rather than other factors such as; technical and market restrictions, high transaction costs which hinder LNG diversions. The significance of these barriers varies overtime and differs from market to market; however it is important to understand the aforementioned theoretical importance and the extent to which they may constrain the development of the global LNG arbitrage market. Therefore with a clear observations of The Unique Features of the LNG Shipping Market: A Study of Ship-owners Structure and Fleet Distribution by Wang, S. et al 2011; a common assumption refers to the spending race in which high frequency traders employ LNG trading to execute orders as fast as possible in other to gain an edge in trading. This is because LNG arbitrage was viewed as natural conventional evolution that eventually would translate into more efficiency in the market place as the speed down to all investors in the markets. The past years of a close witness of how LNG industry put up a dramatic development still remain green in my mind till today. This because I was present creating inspirations with mine Late Timothy O. Anyanwu.; he gave breath to me and nurtured me towards the business in sub-region at Enugu, Nigeria. From a clear concept of it is being characterised with a high-structured and capital intensive one which is tied with a long-term contracts for years or more. He maximized a transparent and profitable annual return for Oando Nigeria Plc till present. 1.2 LITRATURE REVIEW With the general growth of LNG arbitrage research in business and financial project sectors, it would be glare to put a distinct relationship or differences between a considerable attention I recent years. In some research attempts to go beyond the project assumptions about how is being created for several years, they focused on point of context from one point of view which uses conversation analysis, such as LNG arbitrage, barrier and other interactional features. It inter-related some research which has focused only on the description of differences, other work has shown clearly how LNG projects reflect and reproduce financial differences. Accordingly, Zhuravleva (2009) pointed that the significant of barriers towards LNG varies overtime and differ from market to market. He pointed also that is important and to the extent to which they may constrain to the development of the global LNG arbitrage market. According to Mazighi (2003) considered that the globalization of LNG markets requires four conditions to be met; the natural, the economic, the technical and the institutional conditions. Much of the earlier work emphasized dominance. Neuhoff Hirchhausen (2008) suggested that assets-specific investments and uncertainty along with the LNG supply chain imply high transaction costs. He went further to point that long-term contracts can however help to minimize the transaction costs for two parties engaging in the commitment. According to an empirical analysis of Ruester (2006) it showed that in response to market deregulation, vertical integration was driven by upstream producers moving downstream with ownership of transportation capacities to exploit arbitraging possibilities and distribution and power companies moving upstream to ensure margins and security of supply. While some of the more popular work of this type, such as Jensen (2004), there are some potential similarities between the oil market and the natural gas market, however the way a global LNG market will set up is found to be different. The high cost of LNG transportation is one of the main reasons preventing the LNG market to be as flexible as oil market. He went further to point out that; long-term contracts in LNG have been the vehicle for sharing the large up-front investment risk characterize LNG projects, the short-term trading had been growing fast in recent years given the declining costs along the supply chain, the growing diversity of supply sources and loosening of the conventional rigid industry structure. Thus, the long term contract still remains a mainstay of international trade, and the growth of short-term trade volume and price arbitrage are limited accordingly. Although Zhuravleva (2009) distinction is clearly a useful one, it is also seems evident that the some useful approaches are by no means mutually exclusive. While is important on one hand, therefore, it is important to focus on the development of LNG arbitrage even when there is constrains. It also pointed out some conversation support on (P.2) clearly there is scope with great deal to expand in the area of this topic research Is based on embryonic stage of development Establish more insight on a clear formation of LNG arbitrage. Distinguish between LNG arbitrage with other trade activities relating to LNG markets. 1.3 METHODOLOGY This article is based on primary research. It involves three components: online questionnaires, interviews, mine experience in the business in Nigeria and feedback from the presentations of the research referring to Zhuravleva (2009) Oxford Institute of Energy Studies (OIES) The target group for the research was carefully selected to provide an informed range of insight. Thus, among the participant were natural gas and LNG traders, leading independent consultants, senior figures from several of the major energy companies and publishers of LNG journals and bulletins. The surveys sample size is relatively small due to the highly specialized nature of the topic, the dearth of trusted specialists in the LNG arbitrage trade and the difficulty in accessing experts. Nevertheless, the profiles and experience gathered by mine self and the participants were representative of the best in the sector. The data for the qualitative analysis was obtained with the help of the online questionnaires. When all the responses were collected, each participant were interviewed to assist in the qualitative analysis of the data. 2.1 Defining LNG Arbitrage Arbitrage is defined as the simultaneous purchase and sale of the same tangible goods in two different markets for advantageous purpose of different prices; but here such arbitrage required no capital and entails no risk Thus, referring to LNG arbitrage it means a physical cargo diversion from one market to another or re-experts of cargoes to spot gas market in markets in which gas prices are as much as high that covers the costs and profit remains. According to Zhuravleva (2009) defined LNG arbitrage as a physical cargo diversion from one market to another, which offers a higher price. He explained further that the diversion of the cargo can be regarded as arbitrage if the cargo was initially committed to the first market and to the initial buyer in a commercial contract. Two key drivers for arbitrage are commercial and operational. Commercial Driver: This is the ability to take advantage of price differential between the markets, which arise due to differing pricing structures, variations in the relative balances between supply and demand and market inefficiency. Operational Driver: This is the financial lose minimization in case of plant outages overfill storage tanks or force. However, advocates of unique world market for gas has to take into account that arbitrage are costly, and thus can lead only in some convergence of prices between different regional markets but not to the full price. According to Ikonnikova (2009), it makes the market flexible option and allows market players to benefits from arbitrage opportunity playing on price differential across regional market. 2.2 Models of LNG Arbitrage These are the three main models used in LNG trading; Models I: Seller Arbitrage: Here seller and buyer are used to indicate the seller of LNG cargo and the buyer of the LNG cargo. Initial buyer is the customer for whom the LNG has been initially contacted, while End Buyer is the purchaser of the diverted LNG. Model II: Initial Buyer Arbitrage: This model points out that the initial buyers market prices remain stable due to players profits from the arbitrage and replaces the LNG by spot cargoes later. Commonly used by Spanish Importers. Model III: Independent Trader Arbitrage: In this model another player called Independent Trader appears in the transaction. He buys the cargo from the initial buyer (Seldom from LNG Seller) and gets the right to divert the cargo to another customer offering a higher price. E.g., Garpron and Gas De France 2004. 2.3 Barriers to the Growth of LNG Arbitrage in Global Market After a qualitative analysis from the questionnaires of this article, the growth of the LNG arbitrage market implies an increase in the number of arbitrage transactions annually and the increase in the volumes that are being diverted one market to another. They are more than 12 barriers towards the growth of LNG arbitrage in global market but few will be mentioned here. They are as follows; The Price Differential Between Markets is Not Great Enough: Price spread must be great enough to cover the transaction costs and be a sufficient incentive for the aggregator, who often has to share the profit with another party. Without a price spread that allows the trader to profit, no arbitrage transaction will take place. Small Number of Players in the LNG Market: If two buyers are present for transaction in market then an arbitrage deal should be potentially possible. But they are rarely scarce for transaction. Lack of Price Transparency: Lack of price transparency complicates arbitrage trade and demand quickness of wit and good connections between the traders. In relations to countries involved in LNG trade, the US and UK gas market are the most transparent and liquid in the world while in continental European gas market where LNG is important Spain, France and Belgium. 3.1 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS With clear evidence on todays LNG world, it has been argued that it will drive the world markets for natural gas from region to unique world price but with a qualitative observation, the growing role of LNG arbitrage opportunities between countries differ from each other. And at the same time, the price gap between countries also differs because of its landing cost (transportation cost). We suggest a positive recommendation which could guide the global world at large which is UNIFORMITY in terms of LNG arbitrage operation. More research need to be done to enable expand this article aforementioned toward; its embryonic growth development, clear formation of LNG arbitrage and trade activities relating to LNG markets. REFERENCES Billingsley, R. (2005), Understanding Arbitrage: An Intuitive Approach to Financial Analysis. Wharton School Publishing, US BP Statistical Review, 2010. Chabrelie, M. (2003) A new trading model for the fast-changing LNG industry, first Asia Gas Buyers Summit. Clarkson research services (2010) Report of LNG Trade and Transport 2010. Facts Global Energy (2008), East West LNG Pricing Comparison: New Trends. New Frontiers, And Future Price Markets, Presented at Gastech, March 12th 2008, Bangkok, Thailand. Ikonnikova S., 2009, Strategic model of LNG arbitrage: analysis of LNG trade in Atlantic Basin, in 32nd International Association for Energy Economics Conference Proceedings. Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (2008), Natural Gas and LNG Supply/Demand Trends in Asia Pacific and Atlantic Markets. Tokyo, Japan. Jensen, J.T. (2004), The Development of a Global LNG Market. Oxford: Alden Press. Neuhoff, K., von Hirchhausen, C., (2005) Long-term vs. Short-term Contracts: A European Perspective on Natural Gas. Ruster, S., and Neumann, A., (2006) Corporate Strategies along the LNG Value Added Chain An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Vertical Integration. Wang, s., Notteboom, Theo E. (2011). The Unique Features of The LNG Shipping Market: A study Of ship-owners Structure And Fleet Distribution. Paper presented at IAME 2011, Santiago de Chile, 25-28 October 2011.World Bank Commodity Price Data, March, 2012. Zhuravleva. P. The Nature of LNG Arbitrage, and an Analysis of the Main Barriers for the Growth of the Global LNG Arbitrage Market, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, NG 31, June 2009. TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Page i Abstract ii Key words ii I.1: INTRODUCTION 1 : LITERATURE REVIEW 4 : METHODOLOGY 5 2.1: DEFINING LNG ARBITRAGE 6 Commercial Driver 7 Operational Driver 7 2.2 Models of LNG Arbitrage 8 2.2.1 Model I: Seller Arbitrage 8 2.2.2 Model II: Intial Buyer Arbitrageur 8 2.2.3 Model III: Independent Trader Arbitrage 9 2.3 Barriers to the Growth of LNG Arbitrage Global Market 9 3.1 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 9