Case Brief - McGurn v Bell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Brief - McGurn v Bell - Essay Example ons, McGurn said that a termination clause covering his initial twenty four months of service was considerable which he says Bell did not object to this. Bell extended another offer which McGurn rejected owing to its termination clause. Finally, Bell extended an offer to McGurn which said that following termination of his employment, he was to be given his basic salary over 6 months plus a lump sum amounting to forty thousand dollars or fifty percent of incentive p.a. but this cover was to last for the initial 12months of his service. McGurn signed as required but crossed out the word ‘twelve† and inserted â€Å"eleven† and didn’t inform anyone at Bell of the alteration. Bell’s HRM department received and filed the letter though they denied having viewed it on return. After approximately 13 months, Mcgurn’s employment was terminated, he advised Bell officials that he believed that his contract had a 2year termination clause; they also noted the alteration in the offer letter but refused to pay hence McGurn sued for bleach of contract. An exception to the rule that offerees who accept an offeror’s performance with the knowledge of offeror’s expectation in return for his performance have impliedly accepted the offeror’s terms. This happens where the offeree receives the advantages of the service offered with a reasonable opportunity to decline them plus grounds to recognize that they were accepted with the anticipation of recompense (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers and Langvardt, 2004). The court borrowed the procedure from two case i.e. Gateway C. v. Charlotte Theatres, Inc. and Kiddlerv Greenman. The Bell’s silence amounted to acceptance of McGurn’s counteroffer. The Bell microproducts, Inc. should to revisit the offer it wrote and signed earlier after it has been countersigned and returned by McGurn. For the first issue, the general rule of law holds that silence in reply to an offer aimed at forming a contract doesn’t add up to an acceptance of

Pricing Channels Essay Example for Free

Pricing Channels Essay Students come from a variety of backgrounds with a large and diverse base of knowledge and experience. Therefore, the primary role of the professor will be to acilitate discussions that bring out pertinent issues and to better frame the analyses of these issues. Required materials Case Packet: The case packet is available through www. study. net. Instructions to get materials from study. net are included in the last page of this syllabus, before the course schedule. Pricing Simulation Universal Rental Car Harvard Business School: Sign up instructions will be provided to you in early October. It will cost $12. 50. There will be a practice round available from Nov. 4-9. The official round will run from Nov. Other Readings: A number of readings for this class are available in full text (usually PDF) from Business Source Complete. For these articles, go to http:// www. lib. utexas. edu/, then to Research Tools* Databases Indexes to Articles †+ Databases by Subject* Business* Business Source Complete, and search on the title of the article (unless otherwise directed in the schedule). It works best if you put the title of the article in quotes. If you get a yellow box that says Find it at UT, click on the box and follow the links that have full text. Other Materials: Other materials, such as study questions for case studies, grading sheets, and lecture slides are available on Blackboard. Paperless Assignments: All assignments are to be submitted electronically rather than in hard copy and no later than 5 minutes prior to the start of class. Please send them directly to Dr. Mackie through Outlook as e-mail attachments using the following file name convention on the attachments themselves: File Name Convention [Class time]_[Your Last Name and First Initial_[Assignment name] Example: 930_SmithJ_Problem Set Example: 930_SmithJ_Brief_Case name Example: 930_TeamName_RtM Assignment Grading Blind Grading: MBA-student teaching assistants do the first round of grading on many assignments. Therefore all papers in this course are blind graded. Therefore: (a) Please do not submit assignments directly to the TA; and (b) Place your name *only* in the file name of the attachment.

Justification for Eddie as a Loveable Character in A View From The Brid

When Alfieri makes his final speech, he says that he 'will love him' (Eddie) more than his 'sensible clients', referring to the usual longshoremen and their relations mentioned at the beginning of the play. However, it is unlikely that Alfieri means 'love' as in 'loveable', due to the fact that Alfieri says before that this love is because of the fact that Eddie 'allowed himself to be fully known'. This could be referring to the fact that everyone around Eddie can see his love for Catherine e.g. at the end, Beatrice tells Eddie that he 'wants something else' other than Marco's apology (i.e. Catherine), and Alfieri mentions that ?she can?t marry you, can she Eddie is also described by Alfieri as ?not purely good?, emphasizing the fact that Alfieri does not see Eddie as loveable. The ?love? referred to could be that Alfieri respects Eddie for allowing the people around him to know his feelings. However, Eddie can?t see the true nature of his own love for his niece, and he cannot admit that his relationship with her goes far beyond father/daughter love. Eddie may not be loveable in the normal sense of the word, but at the beginning of the play, we can still see him as a likeable man ? an ?average?, flawed person. He cares for Catherine as a daughter, and tells her near the end that he ?only wanted the best? for her (Only Eddie is ?the best?, and nothing else will do?). However, he also acts like a young lover near the beginning of the play when we see Eddie and Catherine together for the first time, the stage directions say that Eddie is ?pleased, and therefore shy about it? when Catherine greets him. He is also overprotective of her, a combined result of the ?wrong kind of love? and the fatherly love he has for her, just before M... ...nitched to the immigration? they spit on him in the street? The whole neighbourhood was cryin?.? However, after Eddie has finally broken the code in a desperate attempt to get Rodolpho out of the house, we lose sympathy for him, in the same way that Red Hook?s Italian community loses respect for him after his betrayal of his cousins becomes clear to them. However, Eddie is still a pitiable character. Despite his failure to understand his own love for his niece, he is a normal working man who doesn?t really see why it is wrong to love her so much, and deludes himself, trying to convince himself that what he is doing is right. He may not be the typical ?hero? type of many other writers? playscripts ? unlike a hero, he is not perfect, and has many faults, being unable to see or correct them ? but we can still identify with him and his feelings as a normal working man.

Free College Essays - William Shakespeare - Man or Myth? :: Biography Biographies Essays

Shakespeare - Man or Myth?  Ã‚   Was the man we know as Shakespeare really the author of the "Shakespearean Works"? We know little about the man called Shakespeare, Did he really write the plays, or is he just a man that got confused within history? (Sobran 44) There is not even a correct spelling of this mans name, Some of the spellings include Shakspere, Shakespeare, And Shaxpere. Shakespeare, Is it the man, Or is it another? (Hayes 1D) Shakespeare is both fact and fiction, he was no concern until nearly two hundred years after he perished, and there is still no definite or probably will there ever be a conclusion to this mystery. (Sobran 44) There is another man that can be attributed with the works of "Shakespeare", His name is Edward DeVere, the 17th Earl of Oxford. (Bethell 47) The man known as Shakespeare does not fit perfectly into the necessary criteria to determine the author of these works. Thomas Looney invented a series of criteria that had to be filled, in order to be a possible can didate for the authorship of the Shakespearean works. To have all the knowledge that is portrayed in the works, the author must have accomplished many things. These including a superior education, from what we know of "Shakespeare", this was not a possibility.(Bethell 46) We do not even know if Shakespeare has ever written anything in his life, Nor do we know that he was paid for writing these works. The man Shakespeare does not even make a claim that he is the author.(Bethell 50) He may not have been able to write the simplest thing of all, His own name.(Hayes 1D) Its not how little we know about Shakespeare that causes confusion and difficulty, Its the things that we do know about this man that cause the confusion and difficulty. We know Shakespears father, a glover, could not write. When he signed documents, he simply made an "X", This is why it is beleived that Shakespeare could not write also, Because he probably did not attend school therefore his education was passed down from his father. (Bethell 48) We do know much more about the man Edward DeVere. We know that because deVere was a nobleman, he could not have his name written upon his writings because he would be considered of a lower class.

A Discussion of Symbols in “A Death of Salesman”

The seeds embody Willy's ambition to be both a good father and a â€Å"well-liked† salesman. Willy's nocturnal futile attempt to grow vegetables clearly demonstrates his failure in achieving the American Dream. Another perspective is to see seeds as the pure embodiment of Biff. Willy makes a hard attempt to raise and nurture Biff but despite all his desperate tries, Biff turns out to be a lazy bum. In the same way, Willy tries to grow vegetables but he fails. The other important fact about this symbol is that huge towering shapes behind Willy's house constrict the garden in which vegetables will grow. Because of the limiting space of the garden, nothing substantial can grow. This can be interpreted that the competition, the clemency lacking quality of the American Dream (represented by the towering buildings) ultimately leads to Willy's downfall (the futile seeds). This is a crucial point in understanding and evaluating the play because the American Dream that Willy thought as infallible, in the end proves to be fallible by leading Willy to his downfall. Linda's And Woman's Stockings Reference in the play: (To Willy) Biff: You – you gave her mama's stockings![His tears break through and he rises to go] Discussion: The stockings in this play, in my opinion, represent sexual infidelity. Willy is accused by Biff for giving her mother's stockings to a woman. The important factor here is that Willy could have given the Woman any stocking but vividly in order to empower the symbol, Arthur Miller makes sure that Willy gives the Woman Linda's stockings. It is important to note that right after the Woman in the flashback thanks Willy for the stockings (â€Å"Woman: And thanks for the stockings†), Willy notices that Linda is mending stockings and is nagged by this fact: â€Å"Willy [angrily taking them (stockings) away from her]: I won't have you mending stockings in this house! Now throw them out!† The stockings are absolutely reminiscent of Willy's betrayal. Of course, faced alone with this fact, Willy cannot stand it and therefore commands Linda to throw them out. This depicts Willy's ambivalent character. One Willy betrays Linda. The other Willy cannot stand this fact. Diamond: Reference in the play: Ben [With greater force]: One must go in to fetch a diamond out. Discussion: The diamonds embody the power of tangible wealth or money. In a sense, the diamonds are the solidification of American Dream. Willy invariably, has failed the American Dream and therefore doesn't posses the diamond. The diamonds that made Ben rich also remind Willy that he is a failure. Further qualities of the diamond are revealed by Ben's sentences: â€Å"Ben: A diamond is rough and hard to the touch.† I think what Ben wants to say is that the diamond isn't easy to get (represented by its roughness) but once possessed, it's a valuable asset. â€Å"Ben: It's dark there (jungle, Africa) but full of diamonds† From the wanton, debauched way that Ben wrestles and horses around with Biff (i. e. the way he trips him), it can be concluded that Ben isn't a moral personality. The result of this conclusion is that Ben wasn't very honest when obtaining the diamond. The darkness in this sentence represent the immoralities or the dishonesties one must go through before one can obtain the diamond. Willy's personality, on the other hand, lacks immorality. He has always â€Å"played it fair†, the only exception being his betrayal to Linda. Willy's chronic honesty in business causes him to fail and so he doesn't obtain the diamond. Whereas on the other hand, Ben succeeds. The Rubber Hose: Reference in the play: â€Å"Biff: All right, phony! Then let's lay it on the line. [He whips the rubber hose out of his pocket and puts it on the table] Discussion: The rubber hose is an object that Willy tries to inhale gas with. The significance of this object is that it reminds the audience of Willy's failing attempts to commit suicide. The rubber hose ,in a way the seeds do, represents Willy's failure. Willy tries to commit suicide but even fails that. However, unlike the seed which symbolized Willy's failure to achieve the American Dream, the rubber hose symbolizes Willy's failure to be harmony, in union with himself. Willy ultimately fails to commit suicide because he is ambivalent to the idea of suicide. The rubber hose symbolizes Willy's ambivalence and his failure to find himself, an observation that Willy accused Biff of. The Car and the Chevy: Reference in the play: Biff [rushing down the stairs]: Pop! [As the car speeds off, the music crashes down in a frenzy of sound] Reference to Chevy: Willy: I was thinking of that Chevy. Nine-teen twenty-eight†¦ when I had that red Chevy – [Breaks off.] The car is Willy's ambitions and feelings in life. In the past, he had a Chevy as a car, and Biff used to simonize it. Willy Loman as a young man had ambitions and thought that he was going to thrive and flourish. The Chevy symbolizes all together Willy's ambitions, hopes, dreams as a young man. However as Willy gets old, he suddenly realizes that he isn't the successful businessman he dreamt that he would be. This transformation of Willy's feelings about his life can be paralleled with the transformation of the Chevy into an old rusty car. When Willy suddenly can't take it anymore, he commits suicide with his car. This translates into saying when Willy can not stand the idea that he failed, his feelings (his car) lead him to suicide.

Free Essays on William Blake

â€Å"The human abstract† written by William Blake depicts actual human nature while, satirically, its title suggests the human ideal. With the help of a group of critical materials, the theme and symbolism of the poem, through my point of view, will be divulged, verse-by-verse and stanza-by-stanza, through the images conveyed by the poet. One must keep in mind that Blake placed this poem among his â€Å"Songs of Experience† for it is a realization through the experience of man that, much like the saying â€Å"a doctor can not exist without disease†*, evil must be present in our world for there to be good as the first stanza illustrates. â€Å"Pity would be no more, If we did not make somebody Poor: And Mercy no more could be, If all were as happy as we;†* It begins with a quite severe criticism of innocence through its’ divine attributes such as â€Å"pity† and â€Å"mercy†. Out of this context, these can be considered quite noble feelings, but here, they stem from the â€Å"poor† and the unhappy created by human society that is precisely addressed by â€Å"we† at the beginning of the second verse. The first and third verses, pronounced as calamities, unveil that, to the speaker, these attributes are â€Å"more important than the happiness of all†* perhaps because they provoke an â€Å"alleviation of sorrow†* for the person acting mercifully or feeling pity for another. Hence, the structure of the last verse â€Å"as happy as we† to emphasize the inequality of joy. â€Å"And mutual fear brings peace; Till the selfish loves increase. Then Cruelty knits a snare, And spreads his baits with care.†* The â€Å"divine attributes of innocence†, in the second stanza, undergo a sinister metamorphosis to prepare for â€Å"Blake’s naturalistic fall of man†*, much like the traditional fall commonly known as the story of Adam and Eve, it involves a tree. Man is seen as such a chaotic creature that only fear of one another can... Free Essays on William Blake Free Essays on William Blake â€Å"The human abstract† written by William Blake depicts actual human nature while, satirically, its title suggests the human ideal. With the help of a group of critical materials, the theme and symbolism of the poem, through my point of view, will be divulged, verse-by-verse and stanza-by-stanza, through the images conveyed by the poet. One must keep in mind that Blake placed this poem among his â€Å"Songs of Experience† for it is a realization through the experience of man that, much like the saying â€Å"a doctor can not exist without disease†*, evil must be present in our world for there to be good as the first stanza illustrates. â€Å"Pity would be no more, If we did not make somebody Poor: And Mercy no more could be, If all were as happy as we;†* It begins with a quite severe criticism of innocence through its’ divine attributes such as â€Å"pity† and â€Å"mercy†. Out of this context, these can be considered quite noble feelings, but here, they stem from the â€Å"poor† and the unhappy created by human society that is precisely addressed by â€Å"we† at the beginning of the second verse. The first and third verses, pronounced as calamities, unveil that, to the speaker, these attributes are â€Å"more important than the happiness of all†* perhaps because they provoke an â€Å"alleviation of sorrow†* for the person acting mercifully or feeling pity for another. Hence, the structure of the last verse â€Å"as happy as we† to emphasize the inequality of joy. â€Å"And mutual fear brings peace; Till the selfish loves increase. Then Cruelty knits a snare, And spreads his baits with care.†* The â€Å"divine attributes of innocence†, in the second stanza, undergo a sinister metamorphosis to prepare for â€Å"Blake’s naturalistic fall of man†*, much like the traditional fall commonly known as the story of Adam and Eve, it involves a tree. Man is seen as such a chaotic creature that only fear of one another can...

Deathwatch - Literary Analysis essays

Deathwatch - Literary Analysis essays In Robb White's novel, Deathwatch, the author develops a theme of survival through the character of Ben. By examining Ben's actions, we can learn how people use instinct and creativity to survive in severe situations. After escaping from Madec in the hot, dry, desert with no clothes, shoes or water, Ben not only finds ways to survive the hunt; he also finds ways to survive the harsh desert elements. Ben does many things while stranded in the desert that contributes to his survival. One important thing Ben does in the desert to help him survive is when he covers his feet with nests to ease the pain of walking on the stones of the desert. Even though this was a painful process, "once his feet were inside the nests the pain eased and, when he stood up, he knows that, with just that much protection from the stones, he could go ahead" (77). Ben collected more nests, knowing they were brittle and would not last long, and carried them with him for future use. This action proves that Ben was planning to guarantee his survival. This action by Ben also demonstrates his creativity and determination to survive. The author gives his readers a visual of how hard it is to survive in these elements when he explains how individuals can only survive for 48 hours without water and when they do get water, drinking one quart is only equal to one additional hour of survival. Ben's actions illustrate the extreme measures people will go to survive when he tries to get water. He finds a puddle of dirty water that had bird droppings caked to the floor and drank it. To the reader, this sounds horrid, and one may think they would never do that under any circumstances, but to Ben, because of the situation he was in and because he was determined to survive, he drank the water, and it tasted delicious. He knew that he needed this water to keep going and he was able to look past how dirty it was and see it more as a tool for survival. ...

Position Paper essays

Position Paper essays Every four years there's always a presidential election. We the people have to choose whod be the right person for the spot. Who would give us what we need and who would make our environment a better place? Now we are thinking about whom do we want to vote for . . .Bush or Kerry? Over the last four years the air has become more cleaner and our water more pure. Thanks to Bush! The Bush administration developed a plan called The Clear Skies Initiative and submitted it to congress in February 2003, as a proposal to amend the clean air act, which is primary federal law governing air. But Clear Skies is a clear misnomer because if congress passes The Clear Skies Bill, the result will be weaken and delay health protections already required under law. The Clear Skies plan would allow three times more toxic mercury emission. He has proposed several Clean Air Initiatives that will dramatically improve air quality and public health. Bush also proposed a hydrogen-generated autombile. Which we are spending billions of dollars to come up with the technology to do that. Bush also wants to tackle global warming, which he acknowledges may be a real treat. He pours scorn on the Kyoto Treaty on climate change and says he favors market friendly alternatives. Instead he recognizes that global warming should be taken seriously but will require a decision to be based on the best science . In conclusion, Bush has everything planned on what he wants to do with the environment. So if he wins his second term we can expect a cleaner air and better chances of living a healthier life. ...

CV and personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CV and personal statement - Essay Example After travelling to other countries, I become a witness as to how modernity changes the phase of infrastructure development. Along with the rapid advancement of science, new technologies are introduced together with better materials which gave way to the creation of taller, more astounding, and beautiful buildings. However, I still often look back at the Great Wall as it provides me with the fondest memories and my huge ambitions of becoming an engineer. I often wish I can build something as significant and distinct as a legacy to world of my existence. I have long admitted my incapacity of building my own Great Wall to be remembered for. However, I remain committed to my aim of building my legacy through pursuing every opportunity to further my strengths and competencies which include seeking admission to graduate school. I dream that someday, I will be able to utilize my knowledge and skills through the aid of technological advancements to erect infrastructure which will be mark my contribution to the world. It might not be as grand, popular, and even remarkable as the Great Wall but it will stand as the fulfillment of my aspirations and will serve as witness to the long years I have labored in acquiring knowledge and skills in the field of engineering. The last four years in my life that I spent in the University College of London marks my continued voyage of finding more about the application of technical and scientific knowledge in the design of efficient processes, machines, and systems. These years have introduced me with the basic concepts of engineering but even increased my interest in acquiring the specialized knowledge and skills that I need to gear me with in order to become a civil engineer. However, I also believed that professional knowledge is inadequate but should go hand in hand with application. Inside our classroom, I have painstaking learned about combining science and technical

The Role of Jeremiah in Judah and Israel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Role of Jeremiah in Judah and Israel - Essay Example This was a very difficult period in Jewish history. The Jews were being mercilessly persecuted and were subject to great abuse. No one knew what would become of them. It might be expected that people were ready to listen to a real seer who could lead them away from misfortune, but this wasnt exactly the case. No one really listened to Jeremiah very much. He knew a lot, and had a lot of gravity and respect, but few people followed him. This is an excellent description of the way he came to be what he was and how people viewed him:    Jeremiah witnessed the fall of the Assyrian Empire and the death of King Josiah. Though the people deeply mourned the death of their beloved King Josiah, the chief mourner was the prophet Jeremiah, for he knew very well that with the untimely passing of this last pious king, the end of Judea as an independent state was unavoidable. Indeed, after Josiahs death the people soon reverted to idolatry. Jeremiah was shocked by the new relapse of his people and strove hard to stem the tide of spiritual depravity which was threatening to undermine their high moral standards. The book of Jeremiah reveals an introspective person, a prophet struggling and often overcome by the role into which he has been placed by God. He doesnt quite know who is or how he can best serve God and in what capacity exactly. He doesn’t even especially want to be a prophet. Jeremiah made many efforts to warn the people of Israel—which they did not listen to—and also made prayers to God to grant the people mercy. In fact, he did this so much that he was ordered by God to â€Å"pray no more for this people† (Jer. 7:16, 14:11). Sometimes Jeremiah engages in what may seem like strange behaviour, acting out parables, for example by walking about in the streets with a yoke about his neck and trying to get people to pay attention to him. Others engage in rival acts that parody and critique his. He is taunted, put in jail, and at one point

Employment Relationship-Shewin Memorandum Essay

Employment Relationship-Shewin Memorandum - Essay Example For the past 6 years, she is in the same cadre. During 8 years of service, she was in the reporting line of George Doright, who was enjoying the fame of very competent, energetic and a good character boss. In the later years, the new management came in and started the process of re-organizing / re-structuring of the organization for a better performance. Accordingly, the management repositioned the location of Doright and he was transferred to another division to accomplish the assigned tasks. During the process of re-organization of the company, two editors stand retired leaving a vacuum behind them to be filled in. After mentioned development in the organization, she was transferred to work under the subordination of infamous Arthur King, the Senior Editor of Blabber. During the incumbency of King, she had to suffer a lot because she was not ready to meet the sexual desire of King. Issues After the retirement of two editors from the company, she was expecting for the said position. Despite having expertise and experience, which requires for a vacant position, she was not considered for the same. However, to fulfill the formalities of promotional requirement, she was just called for an interview. The outcome of the interview was nothing but sheer wastage of time. After a lapse of reasonable period of time in her organization, last month, she applied for a junior level position of Editor. It meant that in spite of all odds, she did not give up her hope for a respectable status in the organization, which she did not get due to obvious reasons. It is strange to note that for the vacant position, she has been interviewed by King, the Editor of Blabber, in a restaurant rather than in his office. The interview was against her expectation and she was not comfortable with the interviewer since the questions asked in the mock interview of personal nature instead of professional. The most questions revolved about her personal life and about her boy friend. She lost her confidence the way interview was conducted and of course gave up her hope for the position for which she applied for. It is interesting to note that after few weeks of conducting interview of Shewin by King, the senior Editor instead of promoting her for the post, hired the services of Gene Whiz, an outsider for the advertised vacancy although Gene has no comparison with Shewin in terms of age, qualification, working experience and expertise. Gene was just 26 years old, did her master in journalism the other day from the University of Chicago and joined local newspaper of small size to work as a reporter. Factors The self analysis of Shewin concerning key factors that disqualified her for the position applied for are: a) promotion of three women in the upper strata of management that took place before re-organization / restructuring process b) King had no role in the promotion decision c) She refused to join King outside business premises to discuss business invitations since his lu st for women / bad reputation was not hidden from anybody in the company d) filing of complaints against her male counter parts while Doright was in office about their attitude of discussing their dates with girlfriends in graphics details loudly the next Monday morning of each weekend e) Doright, the then incumbent, reprimanded her male counter parts for their mentioned deeds f) five African American senior

Effectiveness of Tourism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effectiveness of Tourism - Research Paper Example However, different countries rely on different sources for generation of income. These sources vary from small basic household products to large-scale destructive missiles (weapons of mass destruction), from daily used dairy products to fashion and clothing accessories, from agricultural products to the latest high-tech gadgets, and from medical equipment to services related to hospitality. Hence, there are countless ways by which countries are earning their livelihoods and generating profit. Tourism is also one of the important ways adopted by many countries of the world, and as a result these countries are generating large amount of income. Tourism fulfills the basic human needs of rest and recreation and can give maximum fruits to countries in many ways (Smith, 1994). It is beneficial for countries that are already developed, and for countries that are willing to develop, tourism can play an effective role provided they have sights to offer to tourists (Octaviano, 2012). Tourism c an play a vital role in raising the GDP of the countries; it can be fruitful in many ways for under-developed countries as these countries usually lack power and are looking for ways to shift their status from that of a third world country to that of a first world country (Urry, 2003). For instance, the role played by Philippines government in the promotion of tourism has worked for the country in a number of ways, and the tourism history of this country can be used as a â€Å"road map† for other under-developed states. Philippines did some structural adjustments with the help of World Bank in mid 70s (1973-1974) and initiated a program to endorse tourism. Moreover, different countries during the same tenure also made structural adjustment programs to promote tourism. They adopted variety of techniques: for instance, they attracted investors and transnational corporations that have in most cases the control over resorts, hotels and transportation; they helped programs funded by other countries, providing them with full government support to enable them to carry out their operations; and they took loans from various different sources in order to create an infrastructure for tourism expansion. The Philippines Tourism Strategy as a Role Model for Under-Developed Countries The Philippines tourism strategy can be considered as a classic example of what tourism has to offer to under-developed countries (â€Å"The Philippines†, n.d.). As it is believed, tourism in Philippines emerged due to major contributions by Marcos (dictator) in 1973 (Lumang, 2008), who had this vision of making Philippines a City of Man. Chasing that vision, he restlessly worked on engaging international hotels chains and other businesses to come and invest in the country in order to promote tourism. Marcos made relaxed and favorable policies for these foreign businesses so that their stay in the country could be prolonged. More than three decades have passed, and still tourism in Philippines is giving fruits and has matured in a number of ways. It has shown growth and is still following the same trend. Moreover, this trend is achieved because of the development plans, goals, policies

Theories of motivation in competitive sport Research Paper

Theories of motivation in competitive sport - Research Paper Example Psychology has different take on motivation. According to Sage (1977), motivation is defined as â€Å"direction and intensity of one’s effort† (Weinberg & Gould 52). For example, a person can be said to be motivated when he seeks out or approaches those resources which help him to improve his skills to perform a particular activity (Weinberg & Gould 52). His effort to seek different methods of improvement shows that he is ‘directing’ his effort with certain aim in mind. The intensity of effort refers to the amount of hard work and sincerity a person puts in his effort to achieve a particular goal or to perform a particular action (Weinberg & Gould 52). The intensity with which a person makes efforts to achieve a certain goal shows his level of motivation to achieve a particular skill or reach a particular goal. Hence, the direction and the intensity of human being’s effort show how much he is motivated to do a particular action. Similarly, the performance of a player in competitive sports depends on his motivation level. According to researchers Ryan and Deci ( 2000), all the aspects of human activity and intents like energy, direction, intensity and persistence are driven by motivation (Walker et al. 5). Without motivation, it is highly impossible for a sportsperson to perform in a competitive sport. Participating in a competitive sport needs a player to have high level of physical energy, discipline, determination, consistency, stamina etc. Without motivation, no human being can put in such an intense effort in performance. All the â€Å"biological, cognitive and social† regulations that an athlete follows are driven by his motivation to succeed in competitive sport (Walker et al. 5). Hence, motivation is considered the most important aspect of performance in competitive sports. In most of the activities, the reward for the performance is very obvious.

Effectiveness of Tourism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effectiveness of Tourism - Research Paper Example However, different countries rely on different sources for generation of income. These sources vary from small basic household products to large-scale destructive missiles (weapons of mass destruction), from daily used dairy products to fashion and clothing accessories, from agricultural products to the latest high-tech gadgets, and from medical equipment to services related to hospitality. Hence, there are countless ways by which countries are earning their livelihoods and generating profit. Tourism is also one of the important ways adopted by many countries of the world, and as a result these countries are generating large amount of income. Tourism fulfills the basic human needs of rest and recreation and can give maximum fruits to countries in many ways (Smith, 1994). It is beneficial for countries that are already developed, and for countries that are willing to develop, tourism can play an effective role provided they have sights to offer to tourists (Octaviano, 2012). Tourism c an play a vital role in raising the GDP of the countries; it can be fruitful in many ways for under-developed countries as these countries usually lack power and are looking for ways to shift their status from that of a third world country to that of a first world country (Urry, 2003). For instance, the role played by Philippines government in the promotion of tourism has worked for the country in a number of ways, and the tourism history of this country can be used as a â€Å"road map† for other under-developed states. Philippines did some structural adjustments with the help of World Bank in mid 70s (1973-1974) and initiated a program to endorse tourism. Moreover, different countries during the same tenure also made structural adjustment programs to promote tourism. They adopted variety of techniques: for instance, they attracted investors and transnational corporations that have in most cases the control over resorts, hotels and transportation; they helped programs funded by other countries, providing them with full government support to enable them to carry out their operations; and they took loans from various different sources in order to create an infrastructure for tourism expansion. The Philippines Tourism Strategy as a Role Model for Under-Developed Countries The Philippines tourism strategy can be considered as a classic example of what tourism has to offer to under-developed countries (â€Å"The Philippines†, n.d.). As it is believed, tourism in Philippines emerged due to major contributions by Marcos (dictator) in 1973 (Lumang, 2008), who had this vision of making Philippines a City of Man. Chasing that vision, he restlessly worked on engaging international hotels chains and other businesses to come and invest in the country in order to promote tourism. Marcos made relaxed and favorable policies for these foreign businesses so that their stay in the country could be prolonged. More than three decades have passed, and still tourism in Philippines is giving fruits and has matured in a number of ways. It has shown growth and is still following the same trend. Moreover, this trend is achieved because of the development plans, goals, policies

Women's role in The Bronze Age Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Women's role in The Bronze Age - Research Paper Example The Euripides world has been in existence since the dawn of times and this has been usefully applied to support human life. This shows that is role is unique and applies to all the spheres of humanity. People therefore embrace bronze age and define it depending on the specific role it plays in defining the role of humanity in the prehistoric period. The archeological environment appears to be minute and is administered at various integrated levels, making it important to the entire group of people or even to the community. The stylistic consideration helps to establish the power of women and how these were centered in the definition of possession, position and family setup. In virtue of Menelaus, the wife' appeared to be mostly attached to the people’s believes and undertakes a reflection of battling for position. The narrative identifies the Greek originality and hence redefines the cultural thought that has been ideologically classified on the basis of willingness to underst and the empirical role of women in the ancient Bronze Age. Cultural formulations in the descriptive content offer people’s understanding of their role and especially when it comes to ensuring that the poor are supported. Further, the society provides the required morals and this is equally identified by its notable change in thinking, (Abramson and Inglehart, 1994). The assumptions hypothesized explore the optimism created by people’s voluntary support. This consciousness is explored based on notable possibilities described by scholars of psychology. The nature of Bronze Age is far beyond inborn character and it is non objective, it is non-predictive yet it is direct and based on a willing heart. In accordance with the moral exercise defined above, the notable inclusion of women in the changing attributes of the Greek mythology is considerably balanced against any possible disruptions. The conceptual analysis of the Women in Bronze Age brings body determinants as well as child disturbances in growth and relative human development values. The aggressive process involved in any developmental platform involves paths taken within the complex human evolution; growth and Archaeological record offers a reflection of existing sexual theories. Development precedents as well as essential incremental issues are phenomenal and this greatly impact on the increasing role of archaeological record complex. However, a comprehensive look at the elaborated natured of its visualized terminology provides a judgmental point of reference that relatively prevails in today’s family changeover compositions. Further, the core aspects which are re-enacted are provisionally defined through a list of processes working on political, social and managerial positions, (Banfield, 1958). An integral analysis of a conceptualized approach give a consultative terminology which womanly experience give a significant impact on the tremendous definition of erotic desires including incestuous desire as well as matricide. The understanding and study analysis of psychopathology as well as related human behaviors equality create significance in identifying the roles of women in the Stone Age period. This reflection projects the impact of universal fantasies in areas of parentage, incestuous relations and growing situational reflections explain dissatisfaction and high levels of uncalled substitutions within which marital challenges are supplemented. Conflict presentation has presently been frequented according to Archaeological record and a correlative composite explain parent’s contrasting roles and opinioned transference which actually give a non-predictable ideals within a family setting. Tragedies attached to growing disconnection between a family unit including sexual malfunctioning and

Identification After Gender Essay Example for Free

Identification After Gender Essay Time episode Fionna and Cake and reading Berengier of the Long Ass, the expectations of genders are exposed through the reversal of roles in both of these pieces. The characters in these stories clearly demonstrate the expectations that certain males and females must negotiate in order to expose the problems when there is labeling of certain genders. Judith Butlers analysis of gender is that it is performative- meaning that nobody really is a gender from the start; after watching the video and reading the text for this exercise, t is clear that Fionna and The Knight expose the misconceptions of gender throughout societies today. In our society today there are certain notions that many people have about what are right and wrong for males and females to wear, think, and act. There are certain things that are expected out of males- a toughness about them, an attitude that declares them as the man of the house- that is unfairly labeled upon every male in our society. Females are expected to be the ones who constantly act girly and let the males do everything involving manual labor- this is an unfair label that is placed upon every female in our society. The video that Judith Butler takes part in is an example of a certain female who does not believe in conforming with the problems of the rest of our society- taking a stand against the normal ideas of the public. Judith Bakers ideas are expressed throughout Fionna and Cake and Berengier of the Long Ass, when Fionna , The Lady, and The Knight expose these misconceptions by swapping roles; The Lady and Fionna act as the males, while Prince Gumball and The Knight act as the females. The idea that Fionna and The Lady act as the males in these stories define the problem that our society has when it omes to the definition of males and females. There are certain expectations that must be fulfilled when it comes to being seen as a male or female, but in these two pieces (video and story), the main characters both reject the expectations, or try and fulfill them unsuccessfully. In the Adventure Time episode Fionna and Cake Fionna and Prince Gumball act as their opposite gender in many ways. Throughout Fionna and Cake Fionna refuses to completely fulfill these expectations that are placed among most females. Fionna goes through the majority of the video as a tomboy who would rather carry weapons in her person than make-up. However, by the end of the video she adapts to the normal expectations for females by dressing up in a dress and trying to flatter Prince Gumball. In order for Fionna to expose the expectations of certain genders, Fionna goes to the extreme limit when trying to act as a boy; for there is nothing more manly for a human-being to do than to save someones life. Fionna saves Prince Gumball, which in turn creates a relationship between the two that was not there before. It becomes evident that there is a gender swap in this video when Fionna is the one who is catching Prince Gumball when he falls from the ceiling. o infatuate Fionna, portraying the inner-man of Princess Ice, and getting the inner- woman out of Fionna. Fionna Justifies the ideas of Judith Butlers by showing the audience that it took awhile for her to find her preferred gender- switching preferences multiple times between the beginning and end of the video. Fionna proves that any female can be happy doing male-type things, but also can be happy with a man, which goes against the norm of being a tom boy. By the end of the story it is clear that Fionna chooses to give up the girly personality that is expected mong women, while consistently being herself, and attracting the Prince of her dreams. In the reading Berengier of the Long Ass, The Knight and his Lady successfully pull off an epic gender swap that The Knight would not be very proud of. Throughout the beginning of the story the Lady constantly criticizes her husband for being lazy and not being a chivalrous Knight. Because she questions the Knights manhood, the Knight forces himself to make a change. The Knight then tries to fulfill the expectations of Knights in our society by creating fake battles in the forests to impress his wife. Because he does a bad Job of faking his fatigue and injuries after these fake battles, the wife begins to catch on to his tricks. The wife then follows him to the next battle realizing that what he was saying the whole entire time was a fraud. Butlers applications to gender being performative comes into play here, because the Knight tries so hard to be a man -that his life turns upside down because of it. The Knights wife then brings back another guy to the house, knowing that because her husband is a woman in her eyes, he will not even think about doing anything to harm her. When the Knight realizes that his attempt at conforming to the publics interpretation ofa knight has failed, he feels as though he is a failure- for the only important in most knights life is the chivalrous way in which they live. A Knights expectation is to be the most brave, genuine, and honest guy of all; however, in this case the knights wife was more of a knight than he was. The Knight in this story tried to adapt to the expectations that are naturally placed on him, and instead of adapting he completely failed at his attempt. Most people are better off being their atural-selves than trying to fulfill the expectations that others place on them. After analyzing Fionna, Prince Gumball, The Knight, and his wife, it is obvious that being yourself leads to the most happiness between one and their partner. Fionna maintains her inner-boy personality and ends up being the happiest girl in the world. The Knight tries to change his personality and ends up watching his wife hang out with another man. Judith Butlers ideas really make sense after analyzing these characters because of the way in which characters can reject the expectations of their gender and be completely happy because of it.

The Prefrontal Cortex And Antisocial Behaviour Psychology Essay

The Prefrontal Cortex And Antisocial Behaviour Psychology Essay Todays society, where antisocial behaviour is seen in children and adults, seems to exhibit a greater need to understand its underlying causes. Ones ability to act in an appropriate manner in a given social context is quite unique to humans; along with the ability to reason and make conscious decisions. Therefore, it seems to suggest that such civilised behaviours are dictated by an area of the brain seen in only the most developed. Research into antisocial behaviour implicates the prefrontal cortex; an area of the frontal lobe involved in decision-making and the ability to inhibit undesirable social responses. The research to be discussed in this essay looks at how prefrontal cortex dysfunction affects judgement and how this, in turn, contributes to the decision to behave antisocially. History is littered with cases of individuals whose behaviour changes drastically as the result of brain damage, however, these only represent patients in which brain functioning develops normally. Anderson, Bechara, Damasio, Tranel and Damasio (1999) presented the case of two individuals in which normal brain development was prevented by damage caused primarily to the prefrontal cortex before the age of sixteen months. This study involved a comparison between adult and early-onset patients to assess the differences caused by the repressed development of the prefrontal cortex. Findings show that the two different categories of patients were very similar in social impairments but the distinction can be seen in the fact that early-onset patients lacked the social and moral reasoning of the adults, hence suggesting that development of social and moral principles had been affected. This implies that the prefrontal cortex is involved in the ability to make socially acceptable and moral de cisions which are then applied in making appropriate behavioural responses. Much research in this area makes use of diagnosed Psychopathic individuals (condition characterised by extreme antisocial behaviour towards others). Yang and Raine (2009) conducted a meta-analysis of 43 cases of varying ranges of antisocial behaviour- including psychopaths. Not only do the findings support the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in antisocial behaviour- increased antisocial behaviour is linked to reduced function of several prefrontal regions- but they propose some localisation of antisocial aspects in specific sub-regions of the cortex. They hypothesised that activity reduction in areas such as the orbitofrontal region are affiliated with emotional impairments and decision-making deficits, whereas, dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction is more associated with characteristic impulsivity. Furthermore, brain imaging has highlighted orbitofrontal involvement in the reliving of one particular emotion known to underlie behavioural decisions: guilt (Wagner, NDiaye, Ethofer and Vuilleumier, 2011). Yang and Raines (2009) theory seems to explain how prefrontal damage can account for a variety of behavioural aspects that fall under the umbrella term of antisocial. Psychopathy has also been linked to discrepancies in the process of moral judgement by way of amygdala and orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (Blair, 2007). Blair (2007) theorises that the reduction in care-based morality seen in psychopaths can be explained in terms of dysfunction of the amygdala and ventromedial l prefrontal cortex as these are involved in learning and reinforcement; in that aversive reinforcement prevents a person making immoral decisions. However, dysfunction in those with psychopathic tendencies means that such forms of learning do not occur and so they become unable to make moral decisions: leading to immoral behaviours. Verification is provided by Marsh, Finger, Fowler, Jurkowitz, Schechter, Yu, Pine and Blair (2011) who conducted brain imaging studies on patients with psychopathic traits whilst getting them to participate in a moral task. Although, by their own admission, the moral task was fairly minor, the results show that participants had reduce d activity between the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala during task completion (Marsh et al, 2011). This seemingly supports Blair (2007) in linking deficiencies of the two brain regions to moral judgment and psychopathic behaviour. Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex has further been linked to moral decision making in terms of beliefs about harmful intent behind certain behaviours. Young, Bechera, Tranel, Damasio, Hauser and Damasio (2010) conducted a study on patients with bilateral damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in which they manipulated scenarios to depict varying degrees of harm: (intentional harm, deliberate-unsuccessful harm). They found that relative to healthy controls, participants judged accidental harms more severely than unsuccessful yet intentional harm. According to Young et al. (2010) participants came to this conclusion by neglecting negative behavioural intent and focusing only on the outcomes. Hence, it seems that damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, impairs an individuals ability to make moral decisions regarding behavioural intent. This has powerful implications: perhaps antisocial behaviour displayed in those with prefrontal dysfunction is born out of the ina bility to recognise the harmful intent behind their actions, especially if the outcome is something they perceive as desirable. In conclusion, the role of prefrontal cortex dysfunction in antisocial behaviour is corroborated in extensive research which suggests its involvement is not limited to one specific aspect of the behaviour, nor one particular brain sub-region. This appears to make the argument more comprehensive than if such complex behaviour was specified to one region alone. The prefrontal cortex seems to be involved in the motivation behind behaviours and the judgements that affect behavioural decisions. Therefore, dysfunction of the area leads to immoral decision making which causes the individuals to behave in ways that can be classed as antisocial (such as those behaviours shown by psychopaths). Particular involvement seems to be of the orbitofrontal region in influencing moral and emotional decisions into undesirable behavioural outcomes. Furthermore, connectional dysfunction of the area with other brain areas has been linked to learning processes involved in morality (Blair, 2007). This seems to explain the inability to learn what is considered morally right and wrong: shown in those with damage obtained in infancy (Anderson, Bechara, Damasio, Tranel and Damasio, 1999). Whatever its role, vast research support for prefrontal cortex dysfunction in antisocial behaviour somewhat validates its involvement and may question the extent to which an individual can be held accountable for such actions- which could have societal repercussions.

The AT&T Restructuring of 1995 :: essays papers

The AT&T Restructuring of 1995 Wednesday, September 20, 1995, AT&T Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Robert E. Allen announced plans for a strategic restructuring that would separate AT&T into three publicly traded global companies. Robert E. Allen said, "The company was taking this bold step to capitalize on the opportunities in each business' segment of the global information industry -- communications services, communications equipment, and transaction-intensive computing." Under the plan, a fourth business -- AT&T Capital Corporation -- would be sold, and AT&T shareowners would hold shares in each of the three remaining companies. "Changes in customer needs, technology and public policy are radically transforming our industry," said Robert E. Allen. "We now see this restructuring as the next logical turn in AT&T's journey since divestiture. It will make AT&T's businesses more valuable to our shareowners, even more responsively to their customers, and better able to focus on the growth opportunitie s in their individual markets." A focus of one of the new companies will be to provide the best communications and information services worldwide. The services company, operating under the familiar "AT&T" brand name, would consist of AT&T's current Communications Services Group, the AT&T Universal card Services Corporation, the newly established AT&T Solutions consulting and systems-integration organization, and AT&T Wireless Services. The services company plans to create an AT&T Laboratories unit around the core of the Bell Laboratories. "AT&T's products and systems businesses, along with the world-renowned Bell Laboratories, would constitute a communications systems and technology company that would immediately be the global leader in its industry," said Robert E. Allen. The communications equipment company would include AT&T's Network Systems Group, Global Business Communications Systems, Consumer Products, AT&T Paradyne and Microelectronics. The new company named Lucent Technologies, would be a powerful compe titor in the fast-growing communications systems market. Henry B. Schacht was designated Lucent Technologies Chief Executive Officer. The company's computer unit AT&T Global Information Solutions (GIS), would be established as an independent company by spinning it off to AT&T Shareowners. "Our services and systems businesses are at the intersection of tremendous change and opportunity," said Allen. "This restructuring ensures that each can follow the path of greatest opportunity without worrying about bumping into each other along the way." Lars Nyberg was announced Chief Executive Officer for NCR, formerly known as GIS, the new computer company.

Fathers Have Few Rights in Washington State Essay example -- Argumenta

During a child’s early years he/she establishes parental bonds which will influence the rest of his/her life. However, in Washington few children will realize this bonding with their fathers. In fact, the evidence is clear, census reports, court records, and statements from the people of Washington themselves all point to a State biased against fathers. Unfortunately, this bias extends beyond just the courts, even beyond state run agencies like DSHS; this behavior runs rampant through our very streets. We, as citizens, partisans, and voters of Washington State have been given the impression, through media outlets, feminist organizations, and movies that mothers simply make better parents. In reality, there is another side of the story, one which we rarely saw or heard, until now. The other side of the story starts in the early 90’s. 1991 census reports, less than 20% of all custodial-parents were children’s biological fathers. When asking why, one could look to SPARC an online resource for men which reports 50% of all mothers admitted to seeing no benefits being provided by fathers; and 40% of all mothers admitted to interfering with the father’s visits as punishment. Taken together, these statistics portray a picture of men as providers, and incapable of being nurturing parents (SPARC). According to Cohn, Alvin W. based on census reports, infant fatalities decreased, general living conditions for juveniles had seen a substantial increase, and single father homes also increased between 1991 and 2001. These particular increases portray that fathers, in contrast to popular belief, are capable of providing nurturing stable homes for their children, possibly even more so then mothers. However, today, based on the WSCCR (Washingt... ...gov/wsccr/docs/ResidentialTimeSummaryReport2010.pdf† Bleckblog, Anonymous, â€Å"Fathers rights endangered in Washington Stateâ€Å", Sun, 05/31/2009 - 22:20 â€Å"http://bleckblog.org/comp/node/3400† Alan Booth, Mindy E. Scott, and Valarie King â€Å"FATHER RESIDENCE AND ADOLESCENT PROBLEM BEHAVIOR: ARE YOUTH ALWAYS BETTER OFF IN TWO-PARENT FAMIIES?† Columnist, Tabitha S. "Labors of Love: Trying to make Marriages Work." Seattle Post - Intelligencer: A.17.Washington State Newsstand. Apr 07 1995. Web. 29 Sep. 2011 Thompson, Bankole, â€Å"Fathers, step up† Michigan Times, 6/13/07 Mike Mccormick â€Å"Obama's Responsible Fatherhood Bill--Not Enough Carrot, Too Much Stick† the Buffalo News, 6/30/07 Mike Mccormick and Glenn Sacks â€Å"Protect Fathers' Loving Bonds with Their Childrenâ€Å", Web, 1 October, 2011, http://acfc.convio.net/site/DocServer/Protect_Fathers_Article_June_18_2008.pdf?docID=1521

School Behaviour Policies For Children Education Essay

Student behavior has ever been a cardinal issue in any school. Students go to school chiefly to interact with other students in an environment that is good suited for survey and drama. However true, pupils seem to be more motivated in the resort area than in the schoolroom. Behaviour suffers really frequently when these pupils are non every bit motivated as the others. Classify behaviour becomes debatable at the really worst as childs direct their attending off from the existent academic demands of being in school. Teachers and staff of schools are dead set in work outing such issue widening their control of pupil behavior to highs that may non be good to the pupils, every bit good as the school. Disciplinary actions, punitive in every sense, are the most likely to be used to rectify pupil misbehavior. Sir Alan Steer ( 2009 ) in his study found that in the UK, in its schools, there is no demand or want to give schools and its staff wider powers but there is a demand for a â€Å" airing scheme † to be cognizant and to understand the bing powers in school. In his 2005 study, he proposed wider options of legitimate wagess and countenances must be at manus, all of which decently, reasonably and systematically applied by all concerned staff. Lapp has been suggested four old ages subsequently ( Steer, 2009 ) . Findingss have been singular in his 2009 study. He reiterated that â€Å" clear regulations and the consistent application of wagess and countenances † are critical. He rejects â €Å" punitory solution † to bad behavior. Tough love is acceptable but punitory methods are immoral and socially destructive. Several suggestions have been earmarked so as to implement the relevancy of the findings. Steer ( 2009 ) studies: A wages system that is effectual and tied to public presentation in the schoolroom ensures pupil battle and better behavior. Good behavior demands to be learned. It is really imperative to learn childs to act good â€Å" so schools must follow processs and patterns † that will assist pupils on how to act. All staff must be good function theoretical accounts of good behavior. Schools do hold policies that reward good behavior and good work every bit good. Sanctions are in topographic point to streamline the demand for better behavior but what is left out is how to make and implement appropriate wages systems. Simple countenances proved to be more effectual than excepting the kid from category. Statistical informations on behavior betterment must be at manus to hint alterations and complement hereafter actions. Praise can be used to actuate pupils and promote better behavior. Using student tracking system to recognize positive and negative behavior is besides efficient. Motivation and Incentives Motivation has been long considered as a really of import factor in learning. It is the precursor for successful comprehension of the pupils. Geting inducements from good work after a motivative treatment is extremely recommended. Student motive is the involvement of pupils in larning or making academic work ; inducements are methods used to actuate pupils in larning academic stuffs ( Slavin, 1984 ) . Cardinal to this researchaa‚ ¬a„?s aim is to utilize the motivational effects of wagess or inducements in learning. It is long known that motive plays a cardinal function in pupil accomplishment. So, specific in this analysis is the function of motive in behavioral alterations of a pupil in a schoolroom scene. Self-worth and Self-Efficacy In educational psychological science, it is standard runing process to analyze the intrapersonal behavior of a scholar. His or her perceptual experiences of the ego must be taken into consideration in order to happen the appropriate solutions to behavioural jobs. Dignity is linked to the self-concept of ability in any school scene ( Ames, 1990 ) . It is how a pupil considers his ain capacities with regard to othersaa‚ ¬a„? . Self-efficacy is outlook or belief that one can perchance transport out a undertaking. It is task-specific or state of affairs particular. Often, self-efficacy serves as a barometer on a kid ‘s willingness to larn, his set of options in larning and existent public presentation ( Ames, 1990 ) . However, age play a function in how pupils understand ability. Younger childs are more positive or optimistic. They have high outlooks are resilient after a failure. They tend to presume attempt and ability as the same. Older childs are more negative in measuring themselves. Effort for them gives them higher opportunities to win but ability is a set of bounds. Trying difficult and neglecting are really menaces to their self-concept of ability ( Ames, 1990 ) . Students determine self-worth and self-efficacy in relation to their environment. To act ill means self-worth and self-efficacy are dampened by the rigidnesss in the schoolrooms puting. Otherwise, the students are able to get by with its demands. It is here where motive plays its function. Giving wagess or inducements is one motivational tool. To maintain on relaying good behavior and its corresponding benefits, a repeat of good behavior is expected to happen. This is what we call operant conditioning or response support behaviorism. It is the gratifying of a â€Å" partial or random † behavior that which finally leads to the â€Å" desired behavior † ( PBS, 1998 ; Phillips & A ; Soltis, 2004 ) . This molds future behavior. If a wages succeeds a â€Å" response to a stimulation † , so that response is likely to be repeated. Complecting the constructs discussed, this paper plots motive and the self-concept of pupils in the schoolroom through the usage of a reward/incentive system. Changes from their behavior, chiefly their self-worth and self-efficacy will be carefully studied. Methods Based on the premiss above that wagess play a function in actuating pupil behavior, this research is suggesting the efficaciousness of a wages system ( that is reenforcing ) in different schoolroom scene and pupil age groups. With the constructs of operant conditioning, this survey is specifically poised to find how studentaa‚ ¬a„?s self-worth and self-efficacy significantly alterations ( or non ) when treated with wagess or inducements. The Steeraa‚ ¬a„?s studies confirm the value of using such systematically. The research will be utilizing questionnaires and interviews as the primary manner of informations aggregation ( Anderson, 1998 ) . The questionnaires will both aim instructors and pupils as its respondents. Data analysis will be chiefly descriptive and correlational ( Runyon et al, 2000 ; Kirk, 2007 ) . Descriptive informations from socio-demographics will supply the initial analysis. Correlation analysis on pupil and instructor information from the questionnaires will follow thenceforth. The chief part of this analysis lies on the important alterations of pupil self-concept as alterations in the wages systems are put into topographic point. An analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) will make a series of important trials on alterations of perceptual experience by the pupils, i.e. self-worth and self-efficacy ( as dependant variables ) before and after a wages system is placed ( Kirk, 2007 ) . Besides, the age-groups and schoolroom scene will be used as independent variables treated against alterations in self-worth and self-efficacy.

Macbeth Summary †historical context and the main female roles Essay

* Macbeth was written around 1606 * King James I has recently honoured Shakespeare’s theatre company and so this play was a ‘thank you’ to him; o The story is made relevant to him as he had written a book on Demonology about witchcraft with many of his beliefs appearing in Macbeth. o He also claimed direct descendant of Banquo. o King James later had a medal struck of a snake concealed by flowers after the gunpowder plot on him as it showed deceitful concealment of that in Macbeth. * Women in the 17th century (1600’s) have had no rights and were inferior to men. o They were thought to be more misogynistic as well, implying that they were more susceptible to evil as well e.g. first sin. o They were to be obedient to father and husband and hostess to men so they couldn’t get a divorce & if divorced they would own property or land and would be frowned upon by society o Women had no power or education (Lady Macbeth is different; she can read & has power over husband and as queen) o Only access to throne by way of manliness – (Macduff stripped of his connections with weak womanhood as c-section birth) * Shakespeare takes the historical part of the story from a historian called Raphael Holinshed. In his chronicles, Lady Macbeth is only mentioned once. * The real Macbeth was a Scottish king in the 11th century who ruled after Duncan and is supposed to have been brave, honest and successful in conquering land. * The people of the era would have believed in the divine right of kings whereby a king was appointed by God and only God should have the power to kill him. Therefore the audience would have been appalled to her such a plot. * Witchcraft was very much believed in at this time and those who were thought to be a witch were burnt, hung and drowned as they where that dangerous. They thought they could control everything from the weather to the future and did the work of the devil. Those who didn’t believe would still have followed it for the purposes of the play. Lady Macbeth * She has an abnormal female identity as she is able to read Macbeth’s letter symbolising her power * Her domineering personality also breaks social standards and the witches prophecies display the power of woman’s sexuality * Macbeth and her have an equal relationship â€Å"my dearest partner of greatest† and knows that Macbeth isn’t ruthless enough and so she helps him murder â€Å"Shalt be what thou art promised† or â€Å"Hie, thee hither that I may poor my spirits in thine ear†. They are on the same wave length * Her decision to be ‘unsexed’ by evil turns her into more into a witch character over time than a character of masculine power. * Lady Macbeth is first shown to be stronger, more ruthless and more ambitious than her husband as she plots and persuades her way to the murder of Duncan. She dominates the first meeting showing Macbeth’s dependence on her and the ease that he submits to the plan shows his true ambition. â€Å"Look like the innocent flower and be the serpent under it† * She is pre-eminently cunning with a practical mind to plan the murder * She wishes that she were not a women so she could murder herself and her husband implies she is a masculine soul inhabiting a female body by linking masculinity to ambition and violence o Menstrual flow stop: womb equated to the womanly feelings of tenderness o Milk to gall: denies womanly instincts of birth and suckling child ( would bash in her own child’s head to gain her ambitions) – Antithesis of a maternal mother o Milk of human kindness while blood is masculine in bedchamber o She calls on darkness like her husband to hid the truth * She manipulates Macbeth by questioning his manhood as her ambitions of power have social constraints. He gives in by saying â€Å"I dare do all that may become a man; ho dares to do more is none† and â€Å"when you durst do it, then you are a man† * She is like a ‘serpent behind the innocent flower’ as she performs evil behind being a good hostess to Duncan where he even says â€Å"Fair and noble hostess, we are your guests tonight† while she plans the â€Å"Fatal end to Duncan under my battlements† – she plays the stereotypical women, the perfect mask to get away with murder. * She is very much involved with the murder as she drugs, leaves out the daggers & smears blood over the guards. She even says, â€Å"Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done it † which is a sign that she is human * She steadies her husband’s nerves (a little water clears us of this deed) issuing imperative language and commands over what he should do, but slips later into madness as she sleep walks later through the castle trying to get rid of an invisible blood stain – ambition affects her more strongly than Macbeth before so guilt haunts her more strongly afterward * She is partly responsible for the corruption of Scotland but from the point Macbeth murders the guards unplanned, she slowly slips out of the story * She is cool self-possession who is courageous enough to faint on the news of Duncan’s murder for her husband and dismiss him from the banquet. â€Å"False faith doth hide what do the heart does know† * Lady Macbeth gets queen which is what she wanted but isn’t any happier as her husband drifts away from her (asks permission of servant to speak to him and is left out of other murders as Macbeth wants her to be â€Å"innocent of the knowledge†) * Just before the banquet, Macbeth takes over as the dominant partner controlling their conversion and it taken Lady Macbeth’s last bit of strength to think of an excuse for Macbeth seeing Banquo’s ghost. It works at first relating back to her masculine coward argument against Macbeth but the second time the ghost comes back, Macbeth is in so much shock that he doesn’t give in to her. Lady Macbeth is then forced to call off the banquet without etiquette. On the plus side, Macbeth goes along with her excuse of his terrors showing their still is trust. * She is the complete opposite of Lady Macduff who is era standard woman who is a maternal mother & defends husband despite criticism over leaving them. Her death relates back to â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair† as it’s the good that suffer. The murder of her innocents may have put lady Macduff over the edge. * Once Macbeth goes away, Lady Macbeth starts to sleep walk and wants a light beside her as she sleeps as there is so much darkness inside her. This scene shows her at her most venerable with â€Å"Out damned spot† as she reiterates the whole murder. She uses irony of â€Å"Will these hands never be clean† and hyperbole of â€Å"all the perfumes in Arabia couldn’t sweeten this hand† which is a first for her logical mind. * She now says â€Å"what’s done cannot be undone† compared to â€Å"what’s done is done† strong minded opinion earlier in the story. * She apparently kills herself at the end as she can’t cope with the guilt and her character has no further need as Macbeth can’t face her as he sees what deeds they have done. * Macbeth feels that his life is now over because of her death as he uses a strong soliloquy saying â€Å"There would have been time for a word tomorrow† so he goes into battle to die a soldiers death. * The last words on her were from Malcolm saying â€Å"This dead butcher and his fiend like queen † which could be a biased opinion bit we don’t know how she actually died. * Her role in the story is vital but supplementary to the work of the witches in tempting Macbeth to evil as she is the one who Macbeth trusts and loves * The witches and her share similar features in that they lack in human empathy and are ambiguous beings e.g. witches have beards and Lady Macbeth wants to be unsexed. The Three Witches * Three â€Å"weird sisters† who are the first characters we meet in the play providing dark thoughts and unconscious temptations to evil with their supernatural powers as they play on Macbeth’s ambitions like puppeteers. * They have beards giving the impressions that they are neither male or female therefore unambiguous * Each worked with their own ‘familiar’ – an animal of transfiguration (Greymalkin & Paddock) * The witches appear in thunder and lightning as they control it. They speak in rhythmical paradox (rhyming couplets) â€Å"fair is foul etc.† which is echoed by Lady Macbeth and there appears to be an omen over the castle. * The witches plant the thought, Macbeth thinks it and Lady Macbeth waters it * The witches words are comical but a clearly the most dangerous characters as they act as independent agents toying with human lives and their prophecies are reports of the inevitable. * Their effects of temptation are shown in Macbeth as this great military hero is wrapped in a trance, sees visions, is unable to pray and suffers from fear before saying ‘I have almost forgot the taste of fears’ * They could be thought to have controlled Lady Macbeth in her insanity when she rubs at the â€Å"damned spot† as they could have been the ones who as she says â€Å"unsexed† her * Shakespeare leaves the witches well outside the limits of human comprehension and only implies stereotypes of the era for the characters * The witches help no one but themselves, even when Macbeth is helped by their prophecies; there are tricks within e.g. Birnam Wood coming to Dunsinane or being killed of a man not born of a woman. (Equivocation is the distortion of truth)   

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Liquefied Natural Gas Lng Economics Essay Liquefied Natural Gas forecasts are highly-structured and capital intensive in order to protect the investment return that projects developers conventionally covered all their future LNG. The past years have witnessed a dramatic development in LNG industry which is under metaphases from an infant towards a maturing industry with the ongoing process of slackening in the world market, LNG plays an increasingly important role in meeting the rapid gas demand worldwide by offering its merits of diversification and flexibility for securing gas supply of price signals cross isolated regions. According to BP 2010 So far, LNG accounts for 30.5% of world trade volume and the figure is expected to be growing. Over the past five years it has became acceptable industry practice for even contractually committed LNG with a specified destination to be diverted to another market with mutual agreement of both the seller and the buyer. The financial incentives to benefit from market in efficiency and regional supply-demand motivated market players to allow ad-hoc cargo diversions, sharing the profit resulting from the arbitraging between the respective parties. With a careful study of the process of arbitrage from school of thought: Prof. Dr. Hasret B. and others; I have been privileged to understand the nature of LNG and why is not neglected. This same study put up a questions: who are the arbitrageurs, what are the constraints and limitations they fall, and why arbitrage can fail to bring prices close to the fundamental value which implied by standard models. However, the focus of this article on the nature of LNG arbitrage and its theoretical growth in global markets reveals theoretical development within a simple model and also suggest directions for future research. According to Zhurravleva (2009), he pointed out why the LNG project is still in existence In 2007, the Equatorial Guinea LNG project sold its entire LNG output on a FOB (Freight On Board) basis to BG for 15 years, without incorporating a destination clause in the contract. Now what she actually meant here is that the business has enabled the buyer (BG) to divert the cargoes and act as aggregators (arbitrageur), effective and monetizing their delivery. Other significant sources of flexible cargoes are Qatar, Trinidad and Tobago, Algeria and Egypt. The classic destination and the availability of non-committed shipping capacity are not the only barrier towards the LNG arbitrage rather than other factors such as; technical and market restrictions, high transaction costs which hinder LNG diversions. The significance of these barriers varies overtime and differs from market to market; however it is important to understand the aforementioned theoretical importance and the extent to which they may constrain the development of the global LNG arbitrage market. Therefore with a clear observations of The Unique Features of the LNG Shipping Market: A Study of Ship-owners Structure and Fleet Distribution by Wang, S. et al 2011; a common assumption refers to the spending race in which high frequency traders employ LNG trading to execute orders as fast as possible in other to gain an edge in trading. This is because LNG arbitrage was viewed as natural conventional evolution that eventually would translate into more efficiency in the market place as the speed down to all investors in the markets. The past years of a close witness of how LNG industry put up a dramatic development still remain green in my mind till today. This because I was present creating inspirations with mine Late Timothy O. Anyanwu.; he gave breath to me and nurtured me towards the business in sub-region at Enugu, Nigeria. From a clear concept of it is being characterised with a high-structured and capital intensive one which is tied with a long-term contracts for years or more. He maximized a transparent and profitable annual return for Oando Nigeria Plc till present. 1.2 LITRATURE REVIEW With the general growth of LNG arbitrage research in business and financial project sectors, it would be glare to put a distinct relationship or differences between a considerable attention I recent years. In some research attempts to go beyond the project assumptions about how is being created for several years, they focused on point of context from one point of view which uses conversation analysis, such as LNG arbitrage, barrier and other interactional features. It inter-related some research which has focused only on the description of differences, other work has shown clearly how LNG projects reflect and reproduce financial differences. Accordingly, Zhuravleva (2009) pointed that the significant of barriers towards LNG varies overtime and differ from market to market. He pointed also that is important and to the extent to which they may constrain to the development of the global LNG arbitrage market. According to Mazighi (2003) considered that the globalization of LNG markets requires four conditions to be met; the natural, the economic, the technical and the institutional conditions. Much of the earlier work emphasized dominance. Neuhoff Hirchhausen (2008) suggested that assets-specific investments and uncertainty along with the LNG supply chain imply high transaction costs. He went further to point that long-term contracts can however help to minimize the transaction costs for two parties engaging in the commitment. According to an empirical analysis of Ruester (2006) it showed that in response to market deregulation, vertical integration was driven by upstream producers moving downstream with ownership of transportation capacities to exploit arbitraging possibilities and distribution and power companies moving upstream to ensure margins and security of supply. While some of the more popular work of this type, such as Jensen (2004), there are some potential similarities between the oil market and the natural gas market, however the way a global LNG market will set up is found to be different. The high cost of LNG transportation is one of the main reasons preventing the LNG market to be as flexible as oil market. He went further to point out that; long-term contracts in LNG have been the vehicle for sharing the large up-front investment risk characterize LNG projects, the short-term trading had been growing fast in recent years given the declining costs along the supply chain, the growing diversity of supply sources and loosening of the conventional rigid industry structure. Thus, the long term contract still remains a mainstay of international trade, and the growth of short-term trade volume and price arbitrage are limited accordingly. Although Zhuravleva (2009) distinction is clearly a useful one, it is also seems evident that the some useful approaches are by no means mutually exclusive. While is important on one hand, therefore, it is important to focus on the development of LNG arbitrage even when there is constrains. It also pointed out some conversation support on (P.2) clearly there is scope with great deal to expand in the area of this topic research Is based on embryonic stage of development Establish more insight on a clear formation of LNG arbitrage. Distinguish between LNG arbitrage with other trade activities relating to LNG markets. 1.3 METHODOLOGY This article is based on primary research. It involves three components: online questionnaires, interviews, mine experience in the business in Nigeria and feedback from the presentations of the research referring to Zhuravleva (2009) Oxford Institute of Energy Studies (OIES) The target group for the research was carefully selected to provide an informed range of insight. Thus, among the participant were natural gas and LNG traders, leading independent consultants, senior figures from several of the major energy companies and publishers of LNG journals and bulletins. The surveys sample size is relatively small due to the highly specialized nature of the topic, the dearth of trusted specialists in the LNG arbitrage trade and the difficulty in accessing experts. Nevertheless, the profiles and experience gathered by mine self and the participants were representative of the best in the sector. The data for the qualitative analysis was obtained with the help of the online questionnaires. When all the responses were collected, each participant were interviewed to assist in the qualitative analysis of the data. 2.1 Defining LNG Arbitrage Arbitrage is defined as the simultaneous purchase and sale of the same tangible goods in two different markets for advantageous purpose of different prices; but here such arbitrage required no capital and entails no risk Thus, referring to LNG arbitrage it means a physical cargo diversion from one market to another or re-experts of cargoes to spot gas market in markets in which gas prices are as much as high that covers the costs and profit remains. According to Zhuravleva (2009) defined LNG arbitrage as a physical cargo diversion from one market to another, which offers a higher price. He explained further that the diversion of the cargo can be regarded as arbitrage if the cargo was initially committed to the first market and to the initial buyer in a commercial contract. Two key drivers for arbitrage are commercial and operational. Commercial Driver: This is the ability to take advantage of price differential between the markets, which arise due to differing pricing structures, variations in the relative balances between supply and demand and market inefficiency. Operational Driver: This is the financial lose minimization in case of plant outages overfill storage tanks or force. However, advocates of unique world market for gas has to take into account that arbitrage are costly, and thus can lead only in some convergence of prices between different regional markets but not to the full price. According to Ikonnikova (2009), it makes the market flexible option and allows market players to benefits from arbitrage opportunity playing on price differential across regional market. 2.2 Models of LNG Arbitrage These are the three main models used in LNG trading; Models I: Seller Arbitrage: Here seller and buyer are used to indicate the seller of LNG cargo and the buyer of the LNG cargo. Initial buyer is the customer for whom the LNG has been initially contacted, while End Buyer is the purchaser of the diverted LNG. Model II: Initial Buyer Arbitrage: This model points out that the initial buyers market prices remain stable due to players profits from the arbitrage and replaces the LNG by spot cargoes later. Commonly used by Spanish Importers. Model III: Independent Trader Arbitrage: In this model another player called Independent Trader appears in the transaction. He buys the cargo from the initial buyer (Seldom from LNG Seller) and gets the right to divert the cargo to another customer offering a higher price. E.g., Garpron and Gas De France 2004. 2.3 Barriers to the Growth of LNG Arbitrage in Global Market After a qualitative analysis from the questionnaires of this article, the growth of the LNG arbitrage market implies an increase in the number of arbitrage transactions annually and the increase in the volumes that are being diverted one market to another. They are more than 12 barriers towards the growth of LNG arbitrage in global market but few will be mentioned here. They are as follows; The Price Differential Between Markets is Not Great Enough: Price spread must be great enough to cover the transaction costs and be a sufficient incentive for the aggregator, who often has to share the profit with another party. Without a price spread that allows the trader to profit, no arbitrage transaction will take place. Small Number of Players in the LNG Market: If two buyers are present for transaction in market then an arbitrage deal should be potentially possible. But they are rarely scarce for transaction. Lack of Price Transparency: Lack of price transparency complicates arbitrage trade and demand quickness of wit and good connections between the traders. In relations to countries involved in LNG trade, the US and UK gas market are the most transparent and liquid in the world while in continental European gas market where LNG is important Spain, France and Belgium. 3.1 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS With clear evidence on todays LNG world, it has been argued that it will drive the world markets for natural gas from region to unique world price but with a qualitative observation, the growing role of LNG arbitrage opportunities between countries differ from each other. And at the same time, the price gap between countries also differs because of its landing cost (transportation cost). We suggest a positive recommendation which could guide the global world at large which is UNIFORMITY in terms of LNG arbitrage operation. More research need to be done to enable expand this article aforementioned toward; its embryonic growth development, clear formation of LNG arbitrage and trade activities relating to LNG markets. REFERENCES Billingsley, R. (2005), Understanding Arbitrage: An Intuitive Approach to Financial Analysis. Wharton School Publishing, US BP Statistical Review, 2010. Chabrelie, M. (2003) A new trading model for the fast-changing LNG industry, first Asia Gas Buyers Summit. Clarkson research services (2010) Report of LNG Trade and Transport 2010. Facts Global Energy (2008), East West LNG Pricing Comparison: New Trends. New Frontiers, And Future Price Markets, Presented at Gastech, March 12th 2008, Bangkok, Thailand. Ikonnikova S., 2009, Strategic model of LNG arbitrage: analysis of LNG trade in Atlantic Basin, in 32nd International Association for Energy Economics Conference Proceedings. Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (2008), Natural Gas and LNG Supply/Demand Trends in Asia Pacific and Atlantic Markets. Tokyo, Japan. Jensen, J.T. (2004), The Development of a Global LNG Market. Oxford: Alden Press. Neuhoff, K., von Hirchhausen, C., (2005) Long-term vs. Short-term Contracts: A European Perspective on Natural Gas. Ruster, S., and Neumann, A., (2006) Corporate Strategies along the LNG Value Added Chain An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Vertical Integration. Wang, s., Notteboom, Theo E. (2011). The Unique Features of The LNG Shipping Market: A study Of ship-owners Structure And Fleet Distribution. Paper presented at IAME 2011, Santiago de Chile, 25-28 October 2011.World Bank Commodity Price Data, March, 2012. Zhuravleva. P. The Nature of LNG Arbitrage, and an Analysis of the Main Barriers for the Growth of the Global LNG Arbitrage Market, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, NG 31, June 2009. TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Page i Abstract ii Key words ii I.1: INTRODUCTION 1 : LITERATURE REVIEW 4 : METHODOLOGY 5 2.1: DEFINING LNG ARBITRAGE 6 Commercial Driver 7 Operational Driver 7 2.2 Models of LNG Arbitrage 8 2.2.1 Model I: Seller Arbitrage 8 2.2.2 Model II: Intial Buyer Arbitrageur 8 2.2.3 Model III: Independent Trader Arbitrage 9 2.3 Barriers to the Growth of LNG Arbitrage Global Market 9 3.1 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 9